Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Definition: A fundamental diagnostic blood panel that quantifies and evaluates circulating cellular components of blood: erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets).
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The Complete Blood Count (CBC) provides vital insight into bone marrow function, oxygen-carrying capacity, infection status, and hemostatic potential. Key components include:
- Hemoglobin (Hb): Men: 13.5-17.5 g/dL; Women: 12.0-15.5 g/dL. Low levels indicate anemia.
- White Blood Cell Count (WBC): 4,000-11,000 /mcL. Elevated in bacterial/viral infections, leukemia, or inflammation.
- Platelet Count: 150,000-450,000 /mcL. Crucial for blood clotting; low counts (thrombocytopenia) elevate bleeding risks.
- Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): 80-100 fL. Classifies anemias as microcytic (<80 fL, iron deficiency), normocytic (80-100 fL), or macrocytic (>100 fL, B12/folate deficiency).
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