Common Cold & Viral Rhinitis
Also called: , , , , , , , ,
Overview
The Common Cold (Acute Viral Rhinosinusitis / Coryza) is a self-limiting viral infection of the upper respiratory mucosa, primarily the nasal passages and pharynx, characterized by rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sore throat, and sneezing.
Symptoms
- Nasal congestion, stuffiness, and mouth breathing
- Profuse rhinorrhea (clear watery discharge initially, frequently turning mucoid/yellowish without implying bacterial infection)
- Sneezing and scratchy, tickling sore throat
- Mild low-grade fever or chilliness (more common in young children; uncommon in adults)
- Mild headache, watery eyes, and mild body tiredness
Related Symptoms:
Causes
Over 200 distinct viral strains. Rhinoviruses account for roughly 30% to 50% of all cases, followed by Coronaviruses (endemic non-SARS), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Adenoviruses, and Parainfluenza viruses.
Diagnosis
Purely clinical based on characteristic upper respiratory symptoms without diagnostic imaging or laboratory tests.
Treatment
Supportive and symptomatic management. Antibiotics are completely useless against colds. Treatment includes saline nasal irrigation, oral decongestants (Pseudoephedrine), first/second-generation antihistamines, Paracetamol or Ibuprofen for discomfort, and adequate oral fluid intake.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does green or yellow nasal mucus mean I need antibiotics?
No. Nasal mucus turns green or opaque yellow because white blood cells (neutrophils) release myeloperoxidase enzymes as they clear dead viral particles. It is a completely normal part of the immune response and does NOT indicate a bacterial infection.
The information provided on this website is for educational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.